Skip to main content

Development of the Rule of Reason

Contents

Place in the Framework

The rule of reason became the ordinary method for deciding whether a restraint unreasonably suppresses competition.

Core Questions

  • What made a full competitive-effects inquiry necessary?
  • How did courts identify legitimate business justifications?
  • How did the rule of reason differ from a literal ban on every restraint?

Working Notes

Add case development, black-letter rules, and policy notes here for the emergence of the modern burden-shifting structure.