Concerted refusals to deal
Contents
Place in the Framework
Concerted refusals to deal sit at the intersection of group boycott doctrine and exclusionary conduct because coordinated denial of access can suppress competition or exclude rivals.
Core Questions
- Is the refusal unilateral or concerted?
- Does the refusal resemble a per se group boycott, an exclusionary restraint, or rule of reason conduct?
- What market power, access, or competitive effects matter?
Working Notes
Add notes here comparing concerted refusals to deal with unilateral refusal-to-deal doctrine and group boycott analysis.