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Tying

Contents

Place in the Framework

Tying links the sale of one product to another and may be analyzed as exclusionary conduct when it leverages power or forecloses rivals.

Core Questions

  • Are there separate tying and tied products?
  • Does the defendant have power in the tying product?
  • Does the tie foreclose competition or create exclusionary effects?

Working Notes

Add notes here on Section 1, Section 2, and Clayton Act tying theories, including how market power and foreclosure are assessed.